Why you receive XRechnung files
XRechnung is Germany's e-invoice standard, mandatory for invoices to federal and most state public-sector buyers since 2020. Since January 2025, all German companies must also be able to receive EN 16931 e-invoices in B2B — and issuing becomes mandatory in stages through 2028. So an invoice that used to arrive as a paper letter or a simple PDF now increasingly arrives as a bare .xml file that a normal PDF reader cannot open.
Double-clicking an XRechnung shows raw XML tags — technically complete, practically unreadable. The viewer turns it into the invoice document a human expects, without any software installation.
Viewer or validator?
The viewer answers "what does this invoice say?" — amounts, IBAN, VAT, payment terms. The validator answers "is this file compliant?" — it runs the official KOSIT schematron (BR-DE-*, CII-DE-*) plus the EN 16931 rules and reports every violation by rule ID. Suppliers validate before sending; recipients mostly just need the viewer.
The machine-readable data is what gets booked
With XRechnung there is no visual page at all, so the XML is the invoice. What the viewer renders is exactly what any compliant accounting system will import: the same fields, the same totals, the same VAT categories — just formatted for human eyes.